Biographie

1928

Julio Le Parc, the second son of a working-class family (his father had jobs on the railroad), was born on September 23 in the city of Mendoza, at the foot of the Andes mountains, some 700 miles west of Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina. He spent his childhood and went to elementary school in Mendoza and Palmira; he had a talent for drawing, and made illustrated maps and portraits of illustrious men. At 13 he began to work at odd jobs, sometimes delivering newspapers, sometimes as an assistant to a bicycle repairman, sometimes in a small factory making crates for shipping fruit.

Julio Le Parc, A l'âge d'un an, Mendoza, 1929 Julio Le Parc, A l'âge d'un an, Mendoza, 1929
Julio Le Parc avec son frère et sa soeur, Mendoza, 1933 Julio Le Parc avec son frère et sa soeur, Mendoza, 1933
Julio Le Parc, avec sa mère, sa soeur et son frère, Mendoza, 1933 Julio Le Parc, avec sa mère, sa soeur et son frère, Mendoza, 1933

1942

Le Parc moved with his mother and siblings to Buenos Aires. While working as an apprentice in a leather-goods factory, he prepared at night for the entrance exam to the Escuela Preparatoria de Bellas Artes.

Ecole primaire, Palmira, Mendoza, 1943 Ecole primaire, Palmira, Mendoza, 1943

1943-1946

Escuela de Bellas Artes, night school. During the day he worked in the leather-goods factory, later in a bookstore, and later still in a metallurgical factory. First experiences with the student movement at the Escuela: rallies, demands, etc. Le Parc became interested in Argentina’s avant-garde artistic movements: the Arte Concreto-Invención movement, the Spazialismo movement inspired by Lucio Fontana, one of his professors at the Escuela de Bellas Artes.

Julio Le Parc, Buenos Aires, 1946 Julio Le Parc, Buenos Aires, 1946

1947-1953

After four and a half years of studies but with two and a half years yet to go before obtaining his diploma, Le Parc left the Escuela de Bellas Artes. It was a confused, general rejection of submissiveness and obedience. He also left his job and broke with his family. He lived a bit on the margins, hanging out with anarchists and Marxists, trying to analyze his problems from a different angle. Hitchhiking, almost penniless, he traveled throughout the interior of the country.

1954

Conscious of his marginal existence, he reintegrated himself into society, got a job as a doorman at a state-sponsored theater, entered an independent experimental theater group, took an exam for free tuition at the Escuela Superior de Bellas Artes, a post-secondary academy. He was rejected at first, then admitted.

Julio Le Parc, Théâtre des Indépendants, 1954 Julio Le Parc, Théâtre des Indépendants, 1954
Julio Le Parc, Buenos Aires, 1954 Julio Le Parc, Buenos Aires, 1954
Théâtre des Indépendants, pièce de théâtre, Buenos Aires, 1954 Théâtre des Indépendants, pièce de théâtre, Buenos Aires, 1954
Au théâtre des Indépendants, 1954 Au théâtre des Indépendants, 1954
Julio Le Parc devant le théâtre des Indépendants, Buenos Aires, 1954Julio Le Parc devant le théâtre des Indépendants, Buenos Aires, 1954

1955

He returned to the fine arts academy. Student movements in which he actively took part. Numerous rallies, occupation of three fine art schools, during which the directors were unseated. The students took charge of the administration of the schools; abolished the disciplinary codes; classified professors as good, bad, or undesirable; practiced an open-door policy; proposed new study plans; called upon the young avant-garde artists; organized demonstrations in the street; got arrested, etc. He met Martha.

1958

Le Parc and a group of friends analyzed their problems as future “artists,” and that was the seed of his journey to Paris, the center of the art world, where he intended to break the dependence that tied him down and see with his own eyes what was actually produced there, not the distorted reflections he had seen in Buenos Aires. He entered a contest and won a fellowship from the French Cultural Service, allowing him to depart for Paris, where he arrived on November 4, 1958. Francisco Sobrino arrived shortly afterward, and later, other artist friends.

Avec Ana-Maria Godet, Garcia Rossi, Demarco, Sobrino, Moyana à Buenos Aires 1957 Avec Ana-Maria Godet, Garcia Rossi, Demarco, Sobrino, Moyana à Buenos Aires 1957
Académie, Buenos Aires, 1958 Académie, Buenos Aires, 1958

1959

Le Parc and his friends analyzed the works of contemporary avant-garde artists, noting the contradictions and the limits that needed to be overcome. Thus, at the beginning of this year, differences became clear between the work of Victor Vasarely and the experiences of Le Parc and Sobrino, who worked in a systematic way, taking as their foundation sequences and progressions to obtain their optical results. They constructively criticized the attitude of artists who used a free selection of forms and their free arrangement on the surface and in space. These criticisms were aimed mainly at the artists of the Constructivist or Kinetic movement of the time. Contacts with Denise René, Vasarely, Georges Vantongerloo, François Morellet, etc.
 
Visual researches into surface. Problems of regular orderings. Homogeneity of forms and homogeneity in the relationships between forms. Progressive sequences of forms, positions, colors, etc. Problems of after-image. Visual instability. Decomposition of the plane into four superimposed planes, in the shape of a cube. First attempts at light-images multiplied by planes of Plexiglas in depth. Martha came to Paris.
Biennale de Paris, 1959 Biennale de Paris, 1959

1960

The founding of GRAV (Groupe de Recherche d’Art Visuel), which concretized, gave form to, organized, and developed the confrontation of experiences and ideas. Statement of foundation signed by Hugo Demarco, Francisco García Miranda, Horacio García Rossi, Julio Le Parc, François and Vera Molnar, François Morellet, Sergio Moyano Servanes, Francisco Sobrino, Joël Stein, Jean-Pierre Yvaral. First collective texts. Presentation of experiences, debates.
 
Le Parc’s first son was born: Juancito.
 
Personal experiences with light. Small light-boxes moved by hand to produce changes of images and colors. First mobiles: white on white, transparent on white, equiprobability of black on white, mobiles on the ceiling. First researches into indirect and raking light on the plane and on curved and rough, banged-up screens. First reliefs in wood with progressions of levels, rotation, etc.
GRAV : Morellet, Le Parc, Sobrino, Yvaral, Stein, Paris 1960 GRAV : Morellet, Le Parc, Sobrino, Yvaral, Stein, Paris 1960
Naissance de Juancito, 1960 Naissance de Juancito, 1960
Martha, rue Garancière, Paris, 1960 Martha, rue Garancière, Paris, 1960
Atelier du GRAV, rue Beautreillis, Paris, 1960 Atelier du GRAV, rue Beautreillis, Paris, 1960
Julio et Martha Le Parc, Paris, 1960.Julio et Martha Le Parc, Paris, 1960.

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